Create a system repair disc
System recovery options can help you repair Windows if a serious error occurs. To use system recovery options,
you'll need a Windows installation disc or access to the recovery options provided by your computer manufacturer.
If you don't have either of those choices, you can create a system repair disc to access system recovery options.
To create a system repair disc
Click to open Backup and Restore.
In the left pane, click Create a system repair disc, and then follow the steps.
If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
Note
If you're prompted to insert a Windows installation disc,
it means that the files needed to create the system repair disc can't be found on your computer.
Insert a Windows 7 installation disc.
system repair disc
system image
What is a system image?
A system image is an exact copy of a drive. By default, a system image includes the drives required for Windows to run.
It also includes Windows and your system settings,
programs, and files.
You can use a system image to restore the contents of your computer if your hard drive or computer ever stops working.
When you restore your computer from a system image, it's a complete restoration;
you can't choose individual items to restore, and all of your current programs,
system settings, and files are replaced with the contents of the system image.
Although this type of backup includes your personal files,
we recommend that you back up your files regularly using Windows Backup so that you can restore individual files and
folders as needed. When you set up Windows Backup, you can let Windows choose what to back up,
which will include a system image,
or you can select the items that you want to back up and whether you want to include a system image.
For more information about setting up Windows Backup, see Back up your files.
If your computer contains several drives or partitions,
you can create a system image that includes all of them by following the steps in Back up your programs,
system settings, and files.
Signs of Infection
Signs of Infection
There are a number of signs that a computer is infected.
The following events are good indicators that a computer is infected with a virus:
Unexpected messages or images appear on your screen or you hear unusual sounds;
The CD/DVD-ROM tray opens and closes unexpectedly;
The computer arbitrarily launches a program without your assistance;
Warnings pop up on the screen about a program attempting to access the Internet, even though you initiated no such action;
There are also several typical traits of a virus infection through email:
Friends or acquaintances tell you about messages from you that you never sent;
Your inbox houses a large number of messages without return addresses or headers.
It must be noted that these signs can arise from causes other than viruses.
For example, in the case of email,
infected messages can be sent with your return address but not from your computer.
There are also indirect indications that your computer is infected:
Your computer freezes or crashes frequently; Your computer loads programs slowly;
You cannot boot up the operating system; Files and folders disappear or their contents are distorted;
The hard drive is frequently accessed (the light blinks);
The web browser (e.g., Microsoft Internet Explorer) freezes or behaves unexpectedly
(for example, you cannot close the program window).
sharewithshajan@gmail.com
driver
What is a driver?
A driver is software that allows your computer to communicate with hardware or devices.
Without drivers, the hardware you connect to your computer—for example, a video card or a printer—won't work properly.
In most cases,
drivers come with Windows or you can find them by going to Windows Update in Control Panel and checking for updates.
If Windows doesn't have the driver you need, you can usually find it on a disc that came with the hardware or
device you want to use, or on the manufacturer's website.
boot disk
What is a boot disk (startup disk) and why would I need one?
A boot disk (sometimes called a startup disk) was a type of removable media,
such as a floppy disk, CD, or DVD, that contained Windows startup files that your computer could use to start Windows,
if the Windows system files on the hard disk became damaged or unusable.
In this version of Windows, you can create a system repair disc that contains the System Recovery Options menu.
This menu, also located both on your computer's hard disk and on the Windows installation disc,
contains special recovery tools that can help get Windows running again.
Recognizing dangerous file types
Dangerous file types
Dangerous file types are those that have the potential to contain viruses or spyware that might damage your
information or the programs on your computer.
The types of files that are considered dangerous are usually program files
(.exe), macros, or .com files. The vast majority of files with these extensions do not contain viruses.
However, when you download or receive these types of files in e-mail, you should not open them unless you
trust the source or you were expecting the file.
The following are the most common file name extensions used by e-mail viruses and other malicious software.
When you receive files with these extensions, save them to a folder on your computer and
scan them immediately with up-to-date antivirus software before opening them.
Most common file name extensions
The following table describes file name extensions that might indicate that a file is dangerous.
Extension
Type of file
.exe
Program
.com
MS-DOS program
.pif
Shortcut to MS-DOS program
.bat
Batch file
.scr
Screen saver file
Notes
Some viruses use files with two extensions to make dangerous files look like safe files.
For example, Document.txt.exe or Photos.jpg.exe. The extension farthest to the right is the one
that Windows will try to open. It is extremely rare that a legitimate file would have two extensions,
so avoid downloading or opening this type of file.
There are files that are safer to download than program or macro files, such as text (.txt), or image
(.jpg, .gif, .png) files. However, you should still be wary of unknown sources,
as some of these files have been known to have specially crafted formats that can exploit vulnerabilities
in computer systems.
Nokia- useful funcodes & cheats...
*#0000#
displays your phones software version, compression type & model number
*#06#
displays International Mobile Equipment Identity
*#2640#
displays security code in use
*#100#
shows the phones number
*#639#
Programming
*#677056463
removes operator logo in nokia 3310 & 3330
*#73#
Resets phone timers and game scores
*#7760#
manufacture scode
*#7780#
restore factory settings
*#5513#
rotates the screen in Phones like 1600.
*#5512#
rotates the display in phones like 1600
*#5511#
restores the display to the normal mode
*#92702689#
displays:
1)serial number
2)date made
3)Purchase date
4)date of last repair
5)transfer user data
*#30#
lets you see the private number
*#746025625#
displays the SIm clock status
**61*number#
turn on 'no reply' diverting to the phone number entered
**67number#
turn on 'on busy' diverting to the phone number entered
*3001#12345#
field test
*#21#
lets you kno the number that all calls are diverted to
*#61#
lets you know the number that no reply calls are diverted to
*#62#
lets you know the number that not-rechable calls are diverted to
*#67#
lets you know the number that on busy cals are diverted to
*#43#
lets you know the call waiting status of your phone
Some full forms....
A2DP: Advanced Audio Distribution Profile
VDP: Video Distribution Profile
SPP: Serial Port Profile
DUN: Dial Up Networking
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
JPEG: Joint Picture Experts Group
GIF: Graphic Interchange Format
WAR: Web Application archive
RAR: Resource Adapter archive
3GP: 3rd Generation Participation
AVI: Audio Video Interleave
WMA: Windows Media Audio
MPEG: Moving Pictures Experts Group
AMR: Adaptive Media Rate
AAC: Advanced Audio Coding
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for Gsm Evolution
IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity
USB: Universal Serial Bus
HSCD: High Speed Cellular Data
HLR: Home Location Register
PUK: Personal Unlocking Key
tmp: temporary file
PIN: Personal Identification Number
PNG: Portable Network Graphics
Bmp: bitmap
cfg: configuration
swf: small web format
TF: Trans Flash
VGA: Video Graphics Array
QVGA: Quarter VGA
SD: Secure Device
MMC: Multi Media Card
FM: Frequency Modulation
IPTV: Internet Protocol TV
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
SVGT 1.1 SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) Tiny version 1.1
XML eXtensible Markup Language
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
aa: audiable audiobooks
HOW THREADS ARE SPREAD
Internet
As modern computer technology and communications tools develop,
hackers have more opportunities for spreading threats. Let?s take a closer look at them:
The Internet
The Internet is unique, since it is no one?s property and has no geographical borders.
In many ways, this has promoted the development of web resources and the exchange of information.
Today, anyone can access data on the Internet or create their own webpage. However,
these very features of the worldwide web give hackers the ability to commit crimes on the Internet,
and makes the hackers difficult to detect and punish.
Hackers place viruses and other malicious programs on Internet sites and disguise them as useful freeware.
In addition, scripts which are run automat-ically when certain web pages are loaded,
may perform hostile actions on your computer by modifying the system registry,
retrieving your personal da-ta without your consent, and installing malicious software.
By using network technologies, hackers can attack remote PCs and compa-ny servers.
Such attacks may result in a resource being disabled or used as part of a zombie network,
and in full access being gained to a resource and any information residing on it.
Lastly, since it became possible to use credit cards and e-money through the Internet in online stores,
auctions, and bank homepages, online scams have become increasingly common.
Your intranet is your internal network, specially designed for handling infor-mation within a company or a home network.
An intranet is a unified space for storing, exchanging, and accessing information for all the computers on the network.
Therefore, if any one network host is infected, other hosts run a significant risk of infection.
To avoid such situations, both the network peri-meter and each individual computer must be protected.
Removable storage media
Removable media (floppies, CD/DVD-ROMs, and USB flash drives)
are widely used for storing and transmitting information.
Opening a file that contains malicious code and is stored on a removable storage device
can damage data stored on the local computer and spread the virus to the computer?s other drives or
other computers on the network.
